Evidence guide

How to Read Blue Carbon Claims

Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows can store carbon in biomass and sediment, but a large stock is not the same quantity as an annual removal or a saleable credit.

Reviewed 10 October 2026 · Sources accessed 10 October 2026

Four quantities answer different questions

Stock
Carbon held per area at a stated depth and date, often reported as Mg C ha−1
Accumulation
Net carbon added per area per time under a defined method
Avoided emission
A modeled difference between a project and a credible counterfactual disturbance scenario
Credited benefit
A verified claim after additionality, leakage, uncertainty and permanence rules

Converting carbon to carbon dioxide equivalent uses molecular mass: 1 tonne C equals about 3.67 tonnes CO₂. The conversion does not resolve whether the carbon is additional or durable.

Measure the pool before scaling it

Aboveground biomass may be estimated from field measurements and species-specific allometry. Sediment carbon requires cores, depth intervals, bulk density and carbon concentration. Extrapolation also needs a mapped habitat boundary and uncertainty. A shallow core cannot establish the full sediment stock.

Fieldplots and cores
Maphabitat extent
Modelbaseline and change
Claimrules and verification

Editorial evidence diagram; bar lengths are not measurements.

Restoration is not automatically a carbon credit

A project can deliver habitat, shoreline and water-quality benefits even when a carbon credit is not justified. Crediting additionally asks whether the change exceeds the baseline, whether activity shifts elsewhere, how reversal risk is handled and whether methane or nitrous oxide materially changes the greenhouse-gas balance.

Claim checklist

  • Habitat type, mapped area, condition and dates.
  • Carbon pools, sampling depths, laboratory method and uncertainty.
  • Baseline scenario and evidence that the project is additional.
  • Monitoring duration, leakage boundary and reversal plan.

Practice

A report lists 250 Mg C ha−1 across 40 ha. The arithmetic stock is 10,000 Mg C, or about 36,700 Mg CO₂ equivalent. Explain why this number alone is neither an annual sequestration rate nor a credit quantity.

Sources

This page does not validate any project, registry methodology or offset.

Ocean field notebook / discoveries

Field plan: How to Read Blue Carbon Claims

Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows can store carbon in biomass and sediment, but a large stock is not the same quantity as an annual removal or a saleable credit.

Station 01

System boundary

Distinguish standing biomass from long-term storage, and habitat extent from habitat condition, before interpreting ecological or climate value. Relate that field focus to “Four quantities answer different questions” before moving to “Measure the pool before scaling it.”

Station 02

Measurements to log

Pair a time series with an explicit baseline with a second measurement of the same process. Record depth, location, date, units and sampling effort so a change in conditions is not mistaken for a change in the ocean.

Station 03

Change signal

Compare “Measure the pool before scaling it” with “Restoration is not automatically a carbon credit.” Decide whether the pattern represents exposure, response or recovery, and state the observation period needed to tell them apart.

Open the pre-dive checklist
  • Which variable can be observed directly?
  • Which mechanism needs a second instrument or comparison site?
  • What result from NOAA Ocean Service: Coastal blue carbon and IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement would change the planned conclusion?